![]() Passengers need to know whether or not an upcoming weather event will cancel future flights. Dispatchers need to understand how the environmental temperatures will affect the takeoff and landing distances ( Subbotin and Gardner 2013). Air traffic controllers need to understand where hazardous weather is located so that they can direct aircraft to safety or hold aircraft on the ground ( Andrews 1993). Pilots need to avoid weather that will negatively impact the safety of a flight and understand how it will impact the performance of the aircraft. Weather impacts aviation in numerous ways and is a major concern of the aviation community ( Kulesa 2003). These patterns can be useful for operators and airport planners to optimize performance in the future. Also, patterns for delays and cancellations for the study period of 2003–15 can be identified for the individual airports included in this study. When combined with the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA’s) Operations Network (OPSNET) delay data, METARs can be used to identify the major causes of delays and to create delay climatologies for a specific airport. Hourly surface meteorological aviation routine weather reports (METARs) at major airports can be used to provide valuable insight into the likely causes of weather delays at individual airports. When factoring weather’s impact on the NAS delays and aircraft arriving late delays, weather was responsible for 32.6% of the total number of delay minutes recorded. In 2014, extreme weather events attributed 4.3% to the total number of delay minutes recorded by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics. ![]() Weather creates numerous operational and safety hazards within the National Airspace System (NAS).
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